For my layers none of the QGIS geoproccesing tools (difference, intersection, etc. all give empty attribute tables) work, though I've checked for all (?) error sources (as in the title). Then I tried to do a manual edit of my polygon-geometry (adding a ring) and this is what happend (the data is in my Dropbox):
I'm using QGIS 2.10.0 on Win7
أكثر...

I'm using QGIS 2.10.0 on Win7
أكثر...