Historic Hawaii had land divisions called ahupuaas. They extended “mauka to makai” — from the mountains to the sea. These roughly matched watersheds on land but extended out into the water also. Families and groups who relied on these ecosystems for their food and other resources took pains to use them sustainably, monitor them carefully, and tend them judiciously.
When giving workshops for teachers and/or students, I often ask a simple question: Which way do rivers flow? Regardless of age, residents of Hawaii are correct far more often than others: “downhill.” In this land where mountains and ocean are always visible, heritage and daily experience connect individuals with what sustains them, and Hawaiians today work hard to retain that holistic view.
This summer, Hawaii was hotter for longer than anyone could recall. A major El Ni
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When giving workshops for teachers and/or students, I often ask a simple question: Which way do rivers flow? Regardless of age, residents of Hawaii are correct far more often than others: “downhill.” In this land where mountains and ocean are always visible, heritage and daily experience connect individuals with what sustains them, and Hawaiians today work hard to retain that holistic view.
This summer, Hawaii was hotter for longer than anyone could recall. A major El Ni
أكثر...