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[المشرف العام]

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????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? 5000 ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? (???????? ?????) ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? .
??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? 8.45 ???? ? 23.8 ???? ??????? ???? ??? 21.49 ???? ??? 38.24 ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? - ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? .??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????.
??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? 17 ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? 1956 ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? (???? ????? ?????? ?????) ?????? ?????? ?? ?????(???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????) ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1972 ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????. ??? ??? 1983 ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??? 1989 ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????.
?? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? 2005? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? 2011 ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????. ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???.



????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???. ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? (aitho) ????? ???????? ??????? (opsis) ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? Aethiopia ( ?????? ????????? ????????) ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????.???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????????. ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? (????? ??????) ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? (????? ??????) ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? (37 ???) ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????

?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? (?????? 11: 12). ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? -??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? - ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ???????? ?? ????? (????? ????????)?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ???? ???? ????? (???? ???????)? ???? ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? (???????) ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1899 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????????. ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? / ????? ?????? 1956 ???? ????? ??????? ??????? (???????????? Republic of the Sudan) ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? (the) ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? 1959 ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? 1960 ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? 1078 ?. ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? 2011 ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? 2005? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????.
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??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? 3 *#8211; 23 ???? ???? ??? 22-39 ??? ????? ??????? ????? 600 ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? *#8211;??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????:-
- ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? 200 ????? ???? (85 ????? ?????).
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- ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ?????.
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??????? ????????? :-
??? ???? ?? ??? 16 ? ?????????? 29% ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ????????? ? ????? ? ??????? ???????? . ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? .
??????? ??? ????????? :-
???? ??? ??? 14-16? ????? ? 20% ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? 75?300 ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? .
????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? :-
??? ??? ??? ??? 12-14 ???? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? 300?400 ??? ????? ????? 13% ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? .
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???? ??? ??? 10-12 ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ? 14%?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? 400-880 ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? (????? ??????) ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? . ???? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????????
????? ??????? ????? ??????? :-
???? ??? ??? 4 - 10???? ???? ????? 13.8% ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? 800-1500 ??? ? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? .
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